13) STAKEHOLDER Management

 |  STAKEHOLDER Management

• stakeholders are groups/individuals who may affect / be affected by the project
• identify stakeholders is a continually process throughout the project life cycle
• identify stakeholders, communicate and engage them, manage expectations and focus on satisfaction
• stakeholder satisfaction is a key project objective
• the Project Manager is responsible for the engaging and managing the various stakeholders in a project

Project Stakeholder Management PITTOs:

Processes	Inputs	Tools & Techniques	Output
Identify Stakeholders	Project Charter Procurement Documents Enterprise Environment Factors Organization Process Assets	Stakeholder Analysis Expert Judgment Meetings	Stakeholder Register
Plan Stakeholder Management	PM Plan Stakeholder Register Enterprise Environment Factors Organization Process Assets	Expert Judgment Meetings Analytical Techniques	Stakeholder Management Plan Project Documents Updates
Manage Stakeholder Engagement	Stakeholder Management Plan Communication Management Plan Change Log Organization Process Assets	Communication Methods Interpersonal Skills Management Skills	Issue Log Change Requests PM Plan Updates Project Document Updates OPA Updates
Control Stakeholder Engagement	PM Plan Issue Log Work Performance Data Project Documents	Information Management Systems Expert Judgment Meetings	Work Performance Information Change Requests PM Plan Updates Project Document Updates OPA Updates

Identify Stakeholders

• identify stakeholders and document their importance/influence (=active involvement) /impact/interest/involvement
• 3 ‘I’s: importance, interest, influence
• stakeholders from operation process needed to be included
• determine the stakeholders’ hot buttons (what response in specific situations) and develop support strategies
• procurement documents are used for determining external stakeholders such as the seller
• stakeholders have the greatest influence in the initial stage of the project
• stakeholder analysis matrix is part of the stakeholder management strategy (output of identify stakeholders)
• Salience Model: describing stakeholders based on the power (influence), urgency and legitimacy
• document only influential stakeholders if there is a large number of stakeholders
• document the impact using a power/influence grid, power/interest grid, influence/impact grid, salience model

Plan Stakeholder Management

• management strategies to engage stakeholders throughout project life-cycle
• Stakeholder Management Plan contains: current/desired engagement levels, scope and impact to stakeholders, interrelationships, communication requirements and forms, how to update the plan
• The distribution of this plan requires precautions as the engagement level of stakeholders is a very sensitive information
• Engagement Level
• Unaware
• Resistant: resistant to change
• Neutral
• Supportive: supportive of change
• Leading: actively engaged for project success
• Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix: (C-current level, D-desired level)

Manage Stakeholder Engagement

• aim: increase support and minimize resistance from stakeholders by addressing issues
• the communication requirements of individual stakeholder are recorded in the Project Communication Plan
• PM may call upon sponsor for assistance
• communicate and work with stakeholders to meet their needs/expectations and address issues
• build trust and resolve conflicts, negotiation skills, communication skills
• need to communicate bad news/issues in a timely manner
• feedback from stakeholders is stored in OPA
• the Issue Log (Action Item Log): to identify issues/define impacts, owner (most important element) and priority/with due date

Control Stakeholder Engagement

• monitor overall stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies